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Energy efficiency is still not experienced a period of history, more open to their products now, thanks to a convergence events: rising energy prices, climate change concerns and the desire to reduce the use of products oil and promote clean energy. Several countries have double digit reduce energy consumption and support plans are important public investment.
Barack Obama U.S. President allocated $ 20 billion for energy efficiency as part of stimulus package federal government and the nation has set a goal for the nation to reduce electricity consumption by 20% in 2020. China, the world's consumers Electricity second, also set ambitious targets for efficiency. The nation in recent years built plants at a rate of about 90 GW per year, almost as much power as Germany was installed in total. In search of more profitable, more ecological friendly measures, China has set a goal of not using energy more than doubled in 2020. In addition, China and the United States in late 2009 agreed to collaborate Construction of industrial energy efficiency. This is an important step since the two nations consume 40% of energy in the world so they can achieve significant savings in manufacturing equipment efficiency energy. Meanwhile, the European Union has set a goal to reduce annual consumption of primary fuels of 20% by 2020.
However, the energy sector faces challenges, foremost among them the reluctance of consumers and businesses to make their products. New technologies are expected to attract consumers towards activities with smart energy efficiency in the near future, as rechargeable electric cars that are a potential revenue source for their owners. In other cases, the technologies are installed in power plants and transmission systems for energy consumers never see, however, benefit. Thus, in a recession economy, where many industries are in decline, industry energy efficiency seems to be a strong reputation in the world up. This report shows how and why.

The main features of this report

• Growth Analysis global demand for energy as energy supply and tighten costs rise. The question of why these factors are causing nations to achieve energy efficiency.
• Consideration of joint programs and legislation to promote increased use Energy efficiency and barriers to adoption.
• Review of major plant types and how they are increasingly effective. Analysis of gas, coal, nuclear and cogeneration.
• Analysis of inefficiencies in power transmission, including line losses and congestion. Consideration of options, such as improving infrastructure, pricing mechanisms specialized network intelligent microphone.

Scope of Report

• Understanding the factors that determine the effort of all today's world to improve energy efficiency
• Analyze opportunities for investment in technology to improve the efficient consumption of energy production and use of vehicles and fuel and power transmission
• Be better informed about the policy objectives and policies, plans and financing mechanisms for energy efficiency worldwide.
• Evaluate the attractiveness and risks of investing in your company's energy efficiency and new network technologies intelligent.
• Enjoy the report information to help move your company's next international investment in energy saving or energy production.

Key market issues

• Increasing consumption energy: Increased use in advanced economies, with the electrification of growth in developing countries will increase energy demand by 44% in 2030
• The rising cost of energy production: – Construction of new production facilities will increase energy costs. In the transport sector, governments try to reduce dependence on oil, regarding it as a responsibility political and economic.
• Increase political support for energy efficiency: – Governments around the world have set targets aggressive energy efficiency, and have devoted significant resources to encourage consumers to adopt energy-saving technologies energy.
• The marriage of Information Technology and Energy – The semiconductor has been substantially reduced consumption energy over the last 40 years, a trend expected to continue as the industry to use the energy of the Internet and digital cameras to improve surveillance and control of energy consumption.

The main conclusions this report

• To serve this growing consumption, the world should build new power plants and transmission lines, increased power generation 77% compared to 18trn kilowatthours in 2006 to 31.8trn in 2015, according to the evaluation of environmental impact.
• Energy Efficiency is generally regarded as faster, cheaper and cleaner to meet the growing demand for energy. Energy costs remained stable at about 2.5 cents / kWh in recent years, the expected effectiveness of at least one third of the cost of any new power plant electric.
• About two-thirds of fuel energy used to produce energy is lost when converting to electricity.
• Most losses occur in the conversion efficiency of thermal energy into mechanical energy in the generators steam, gas transportation, coal and nuclear facilities. These facilities provide nearly 56% of electricity worldwide.
• How today's power delivery is inefficient. Transmission lines lose 2% to 4% of the energy moving through the line friction.

Key questions answered

• How much energy will increase in consumption during the next two decades. Which parts of the world will see the greatest increase?
• How does energy efficiency in their fees by generation?
• Why consumers resist energy efficiency and innovations have been introduced to encourage participation?
• What is the role of energy efficiency in economic development. What is the energy intensity and therefore it is important to the economy of a nation?
• How close we are to significantly increase the efficiency of conventional electricity?
• Why nations to make improvements in the transmission and spread of this investment today and how to improve the electrical system.

Contents

The future effectiveness Energy
Summary 10
Introduction 10
Power Generation 11
The effectiveness of the network 12
efficiency End User: 13 residential
efficiency of end users: transport 14
Conclusion 15
Chapter 1 Introduction 18
Summary 18
Introduction 19
Too much demand and too little energy 19
Oil is running out? 21
The World in 22 capsules
What are the determinants of the use of coal? 23
Why energy efficiency is important now 25
Produce more with less energy 26
Climate change: the determining factor of 27
Legislation and MBI 29
Utility decoupling 29
Standards Energy Efficiency Resources (EER) and 30 white labels
Who are the buyers? 32
plans to reduce CO2 33
Efficiency equal to the generation of 33
Discounts, loans tax incentives, 34
Barriers to energy efficiency 35
anemia cure energy 36
Power generation Chapter February 1940
Contents 40
Introduction 41
turbine combined gas cycle 41
Cogeneration and trigeneration 46
Integrated gasification combined cycle 47
pulverized coal supercritical and 50 ultrasupercritical
Nuclear power 53
54 Improving the effectiveness of nuclear energy
opportunities Additional efficiency 54
Market conditions to encourage investment in efficient technologies 57
barriers the market for investment in efficient technologies to support 58
Chapter 3 The net efficiency of 62
Summary 62
Introduction 63
The network and its importance 65
Why the network is necessary to change 66
restructured markets 66
Integrate 67 Renewable Energy
Difficulty location 68 of the transmission
70 Technology Solutions
new power lines 70
Distributed Generation and 71 micro
Micro-73
74 Intelligent Networks
76 Software
78 meters smart
Conclusion 80
Chapter 4 of the effectiveness End User: 82 residential
Summary 82
Introduction 83
residential energy consumption has increased by 86
National legislation to promote efficiency 88
Main sources of domestic energy consumption 90
Heating and Air Conditioning 90
source heat pump 92
The 93 air ducts
District 93 hot and cold
94 Lighting
White 95
96 smart devices
98 Smart Home Automation
99 Construction materials and building standards
Conclusion 99
Chapter 5 End User Efficiency 102 Transportation
Summary 102
Introduction 103
The growth of car use 104
OECD 105
OECD No. 107
The effectiveness Transportation Energy 108
109 technological challenges
110 of legislation to promote energy efficiency
U.S. 110
EU 111
China 112
electrified transportation system 112
Hybrid Electric Vehicles 112
Electric Vehicles battery powered (BEV) 114
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) 115
115 vehicles to fuel cell
The effectiveness energy of 116 electric vehicles
Chapter 6 Conclusion 118
Summary 118
Introduction 119
Global trends in 120 efficiency Energy
International Partnership for Energy Efficiency 122
The energy straitjacket 123
Investment efficiency in 124 Energy
Economy of energy efficiency and savings potential 127
potential efficiency gains of 128 World Energy
Glossary 130
133 Index

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Percentage of total energy Commercial per unit (%) 2003 29
Figure 1.2: U.S. Energy Efficiency Resource Standards (TCE) in 23 States, 2010 32
Figure 1.3: Energy Intensity (MJ / US $), 37 December 2008
Figure 2.4: Operation of a combined cycle plant 42
Figure 2.5: Growth of CO2 emissions growth in the use of natural gas in 44 energy
Figure 2.6: Comparison of air cooling and steam cooling technology 45
Figure 2.7: Production processes in pulverized coal plants 51
Figure 3.8: Key Features Intelligent Network 75
Figure 4.9: The average price of retail electricity to end customers (cents / kWh) from 1996 to 2009 84
Figure 4.10: Household use of electricity, some countries (U.S. $ / unit), 2009 86
Figure 4.11: Projected average annual change in consumption World energy prices for fuels (%) 2007-2035 87
Figure 5.12: Distribution of energy by transport mode (%) 2006 105
Figure 5.13: U.S. sales of hybrid electric vehicles (units), 1999-2009 113
Figure 6.14: The industrialized countries, the reduction commitments emissions for the year 2020 (%) 2010 120
List of Tables
Table Estimated resource costs of new generation standard (U.S. $ / MWh) 2016 24: 1.1
Table 1.2: Percentage of total commercial energy unit (%) 2003 28
Table 1.3: U.S. Efficiency Standards Energy Resources (EER) by State, 2010 31
Table 1.4: Energy Intensity (MJ / US $), 36 December 2008
Table 2.5: Relationship between firing temperature and efficiency in combined cycle 43
Table 2.6: Growth of CO2 emissions growth by using natural gas in 44 energy
Table 2.7: IPCC estimated increase in the efficiency of technology, 2008 49
Table 2.8: Cost each capital improvement technology (U.S. $) 2008 50
Electricity losses worldwide transmission: Table 3.9 and the distribution (Sb Btu), 2009 64
Table 3.10: Costs of transmission congestion in the United States by Region This (U.S. $ billions), 2009 67
Table 3.11: Costs transmitting news of the U.S. (U.S. $ / mile), 2010 69
Table 3.12: Length of new power lines and renewed until 2020 – Projects on a European scale (miles), 2010 69
Average cost of a power outage hour (U.S. $), 2008 73: Table 3.13
Table 4.14: The average retail price of electricity to final customers (cents / kWh) from 1996 to 2009 84
Table 4.15: The cost of electricity household user to selected countries (U.S. $ / unit), 2009 85
Table 4.16: Average annual world energy consumption should by fuel prices (%) from 2007 to 2035 87
Table 4.17: U.S. households by energy use (%) 2007 90
Table 5.18: Distribution of energy transport by mode (%) 2006 104
Table 5.19: The average annual change in GDP, population and Energy consumption for transportation in a region of the OECD (%) 2006 107
Table 5.20: U.S. Sales of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (Units), 1999-2009 113
Table 5.21: Energy efficiency by vehicle type in 2009 116
Table 6.22: The industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas commitments for the year 2020 (%) 2010 119
Table 6.23: U.S. Super ESE (appointed December 2009) 125

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