Walking back to the material nature of land transport, water – the solution for today's transport Oladokun Sulaiman – Oladok12@yahoo.com

Inland Hybrid range – a modern day solution to transport problem

1.0 Introduction

In today's transport congestion and the problem of air pollution in the ground infrastructure is a source of concern and a more moderate growth in an increasingly negative about the size of the technical problem to policy needs Air integration path of the sea, with emphasis on maritime transport, and integration of road and put the issue of increased air travel demand multimodal turn a handle to the need to focus on a number of deficiencies relating to the use of ships for the community and the transport of goods along with other means of transport. To facilitate implementation of policies for the use of river transport, the large number of community development research and technical activities related to water transport is necessary. Some of this could include a concerted effort in the short sea shipping, to identify some of the structural problems or generic in the use of ships for the transport of relatively short distances and other targets that have an impact on the environment and the question of increasing the reliability intermodal transportation safe and efficient. In addition, the use of hybrid transport system must be intelligent transport systems incorporates the use of advanced and integrated control ships, AIS and the extensive use of information technology to provide a solution to the problem of modern transportation.

inland waterways or movement of people and goods in a sustainable manner is becoming increasingly important, will be one of the biggest challenges for the 21st century, a time when pressure on called environment-sensitive reactions, the adoption of new innovative behaviors dynamic binding factors associated with the design, construction and operation and the use to meet the needs inherent in the response. Action associated with the alleviation of human life has always been a concern decision-making, but lesser extent. In a world where nature has preserved the need for awareness and sensitivity to the facts substantially support the vital nature and extent of damage reckless human activities cause imbalance in our planet. A situation that is highly threatening our factory bands today and hope for future generations to survive on this planet, a situation which is also called for us all to adopt the new philosophy of doing things, and giving an overview of the inevitable return to nature in ways of doing things before – using sun, water and clean energy storage in the cortex with the use of river transport. Engineering work channels in the past have been dominated by the reagent, and the world has now reached a figure which, by chance, there is no waiting for accidents that result in degradation environment to provide immediate points or calamity. [1].

There is an insurmountable obstacle to the achievement of a sustainable land transport multimodal water, where environmental impacts and risks will be mitigated and integration components of water use will be used. However, the context of global integration systems engineering tools and feedback system analysis and the alternative pathway leading to the identification of short-term solutions and long-term to the problem can help achieve the philosophy of quality management in the development of new sustainability [2]. These alternatives after deduction of the concerns could result in more national waterways integrating environment for container transport, including the development of blockade, intermodal solution information technology, provide incentives to reduce congestion in seasonal congestion hybrid mode of transport in the selection based on best [3]. sustainable system of inland water contains natural elements that include waterways, ports and intermodal rail network, roads and pipelines connecting the parties by the water system as needed. The articles also include physical vessels and vehicles that goods and people move within the system. The physical network is complemented by a series of systems that facilitate movement of goods and people and provide access to recreation and natural resources. Also is associated with the development of river transport is the dredging to meet the size of ships, the maintenance dredging and containment technologies for disposal of dredged material or reuse of dredged material can be a viable alternative that offers an economic advantage.

2.0 inland water transport system (IWTS)

Civilization has land along rivers, lakes, oceans, rivers in the world, including Amazon, Mississippi, Ganges, Danube, Rhine, Niger, Nile and influences the lives of millions not only his own existence but also its politics, art and science. The People are inherently drawn to water, the use of water resources an important part of human development. With a management Hydrographic properly can increase the water supply of food, improve transport, energy supply and develop the industry. Development of Water Resources also bring good reward beneficial for the development of waterfront areas that provide activities for reciprocity with multiple uses in improving social interaction and a sense of community. The hybrid concept is required that facilities strategically located near modes of transportation system. The design need to pay attention to historical patterns of current and future development.

TVN provides important opportunities to move the load in the river estuaries and tributary fuel efficiently, reducing transport costs, though the tone – kilometer in relation to a mode of transport in. It remains one of the best options available to mitigate problems associated with global warming, climate change, noise pollution and congestion. Capacity building, environment social and environmental advantage non-structural measures (such innovation of the fleet) [3], and investments in infrastructure, and the incorporation of Multimodal Corridor increasingly a matter of great current need [4].

inland waterway transport as a significant growth and development nations of Europe and North America, however, previous work on transport is much more proactive approach based on a recent study by the European Union has shown potential to increase the percentage of total delivery volume of transport in the Danube region, this lead to an agreement for the improvement of inland navigation integrated manner by the ten states bordering the Danube there are indications that climate change will bring the potential development of further development of inland navigation and to the management of this navigation, planning and development of river transport to take the issue of climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer has [5].

The importance of transport and use to fully exploit new emerging technologies and transportation remain the motor future growth and prosperity was built for security, safety, energy conservation and environmental quality. Since then, no ground transportation can not be left only and their effectiveness, the force can be optimized by intermodal integration and diversity, the climate of cooperation opportunity for intermodal systems, the climate of cooperation requires coordination of more than half of transport. With each of them has its own specific advantages for the system: the motor carrier companies offer water door to door that can handle bulk goods safely to a very low cost, and lanes that carry a wide range of products over long distances. Maintaining sustainability principle that the public is better served by a more efficient use of transport resources, regardless of route, and the implementation of the new philosophy Sustainability »Integration also requires the use of water resources for uses other than as required by the environment [6].

Peer to present recent edition today especially in the field of environment has called for the necessity of philosophy news for Sustainability, a transport system healthy and responsive. And the method can give vitality and growth, productivity and trade, the nation needs [8]. Focus on effectiveness and complementarity and competition between different transport systems is the key to economic growth, sustainability and productivity of a nation. Effective systems for cargo plays a positive role in both the economic life of industrialized countries and the daily lives of its citizens. These countries realize the importance of good relationship between the systems, services and economy. However, if these transport systems are essential to a modern society, and there are many economic benefits for their implementation, there are also important negative impact on the environment, including the right of priority of land, alteration of the topography, the use of energy and other resources, and noise air pollution [7].

With the choice of modes of transport, special attention should be paid so that does not increase unnecessary fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, accidents, incidents discharge, and congestion. It seems that not a day passes without new evidence of the increasing pollution of our environment and its consequences. There is guidance throughout the human environment (air breathing, drinking water, fertile soils), which were considered inexhaustible or renewable are increased [8].

Today, with more environmental awareness and better understanding of the consequences pollution, government and society are much less tolerant of pollution. Globally, pollution is a growing threat to human health and the environment. commercial cargo, with its almost total dependence on petroleum fuels contributes significant levels of contamination. Therefore, each mode of transport as a major energy user, should be evaluated both shortages and future availability of energy resources it uses and its impact on the environment. With each one of them has its own energy use and the specific characteristics of the environment, decisions on transport issues, whether the impact of short or long term environmental inevitable, which should be clearly weighed before the final decision [9].

Both environment and quality of life received more attention, an increase of demand not only a friendly transport environment, but also the environmental policy objectives have greater weight in decisions on transport. The result of this concern for the impact of transport systems on the environment is reflected in the way these systems are planning for the future. Transportation designers and environmentalists who recognize the interdependence between transportation systems and the environment, are increasingly concerned about maintaining an appropriate balance between the two. Similarly, environmental laws are on the verge of a legal framework established to maintain consistent transport decisions with this objective [10].

3.0 Threat and challenge of greenhouse gases, and the consequences Trio of global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, the impact on climate change

Recently there has been a disaster environmental and abnormal behavior of the current environment the consensus of scientists agree to be bound by human activities. The world of man is composed of the biosphere and the techno The man has inherited the old one and will give you all the support necessary for man to live, however, we can still learn and take care of him and we created the ultimate purchase of products that are considered responsible for the effect of the loss of the ozone layer the sun reaches the limit of our planet and thus warming of our planet and cause a chain reaction others that led to the revolt of the environment.

The impact on coastal resources can be classified into four broad categories. The first is the flood of the tides, where about 1,200 km2 in Peninsular Malaysia alone be submerged as a result failure of the Bund, and mangroves will be lost if sea level rises at a rate of 0.9 cm / year. The second line of coastal erosion, accounting for another one few hundred meters from the edge of retirement. The third is the largest wave action, which may affect the structural integrity of facilities and offshore installations such as power plants. This intrusion of salt water, which may constitute a potential threat of pollution to water catchments. Examples of other effects include the flood of corals, coral bleaching due to rising CO2 levels in the water and the depletion of fish stocks due to habitat loss mangroves.

Water management follows three steps:

river water in an unregulated power supply – oriented, will remain if the water is abundant and demand can be met without changing the hydrological regime.

2-The shortage of water, increasing pressure demand for water and water-related services, management of water resources to focus on and the basis for the development of multiple functions.

3-regulated natural system, such as the regulatory limit of acceptable traffic flows and development are met, the marginal cost of water increases dramatically, and here development management becomes important [1].

The first case applies to Terengganu, the first case apply, and meaningful and sustainable balance economic participation, the environment of the community to maximize the benefits of planning and strategy implementation, which could result in access Public significantly improved, providing new green spaces, improved quality of life, and the image of the walled city and the pride of the community.

5.0 Environmental Risks IWTS

The environmental impacts of water transportation vary from river to river and a project to "But in many cases the environment is not significantly affected by carriage of goods by inland waterways. If you have a negative impact, the effect usually minimal. Because of concern about the effects of different modes of transport on the environment, there was increased collaboration effort to identify impacts. Recently, studies have analyzed the types and levels of impacts of a referent in the environment. What if the movement of goods moving from one modes. What would be the increase in fuel consumption, exhaust emissions issues, congestion likely traffic accidents, etc. The three studies compared same cargo shipped by different modes, and concluded that, ton ton, the production of ships have fewer accidents, consume less energy, less harmful emissions, society in general, are less harmful. These study results show that the transport of bulk water are compatible with the environment, provides a means for sustainable development, and thus the use of the environment should be encouraged. [13].

Wide range of human activities can affect the coastal and marine environment. population pressure, growing demand for space, competition for resources and poor economic performance can affect all the sustainable use of our oceans and coastal areas. The most serious problems affecting the quality and use of these ecosystems surrounding coastal waters include release:

1. Water – Notice of pollution, directly or dead washing groundwater

2. Pollution outdoor air, the population of noise, vibration

3. Removal of contaminated soil sediments, dredging and

4. The risk of flooding – Biochemical reaction of the elements of water pollution.

5. Collision – Operational

6. Biodiversification – endangered and threatened species, habitat

Risk management should include other measures to reduce risk and implementation of those that are of such economic. where zero discharge = zero risk, but the challenge is to reduce risk to an acceptable level and at the same time, maximize their potential. Simulate extreme conditions and the model – using a combination of stochastic mathematical models and techniques, taking into account all factors comprehensively.

The uncertainty is a risk, but the nature and abstract and limited knowledge of the invisible in the real world to quantify a complex work. uncertainty are forced issue usually reflect the influences on the recovery process, test new and advanced public policy influence, communication system change over time, services and resources. The "sources" of the lack of security "may have several. On the other hand, methods of measurement may be uncertain, inexact or models used. In addition, uncertainty may arise from a profound misunderstanding of the phenomena observed or tried to be evaluated, perhaps because there is no adequate theoretical knowledge for the moment.

6.0 IWTS environmental benefits

Products Commodities on which our lives and livelihoods depend are to be carried by one means or another, however, the AAdvantage use the internal water transport system in a way transport has been described by several comparative studies. Advantage range of issues related to the modern world of man. As has been noted that there are risks inherent in transport by barge, but the statistics, the water transport is the safest and most regulated transmission and has fewer accidental spills or collisions otherwise. This excellent reputation is directly attributable to both demanding guarantees of operation imposed by the carriers themselves, as well as a high level of inspection federal mandatory. There is little public awareness of the transport industry water out of the communities it serves river. This can be attributed mainly to the non-intrusive operations industry and safety. One of the main reasons for this lack of intrusion is the width of most rivers, its location in relation to population centers, and levees and floodwalls.

According to the UN, human benefits marine and coastal ecosystems and activities: coastal tourism = 161 billion U.S. dollars, trade and transportation = $ 155,000,000,000 U.S. oil and gas = 132 billion U.S. dollars, fishing = 80 billion U.S. dollars. Therefore, it is important to balance and maintain prudent in dealing with our activities. The attention of the media focuses on loss of lives and property. That little that can affect many disasters occur, although much could be done to reduce the severity. Many impacts can be mitigated through better risk assessment and vulnerability, predictive modeling, dissemination of information and development policies. [13]

6.1 Efficiency – The use of energy by various modes of freight transport has become a growing concern in developing transport policy. Energy efficiency is the measure performance of our system, structure or mobile energy efficiency is usually measured in a two ways: by comparing the number of miles for each mode of transportation can carry a tonne of freight per gallon of fuel, or the number of BTU spent tons mile. In consideration of the choice of transport modes is essential to take into account the energy spent on the transition from one mode to another will lead to higher consumption energy by less efficient mode of transport fuel. For the carriage of goods, ships are required to move ton-mile does not load, efficiency energy is the inverse of the energy intensity of energy propulsion, including refinery losses. coalitions of power performance keeping with the energy, the energy of vehicle manufacturing, energy and construction ..

Table 2.3 Comparison energy-modal – Source: [38]

Table 3 – Comparison Modal Energy

Mode

The energy park

ESA – Energy Haule

Modal Energy

Railroad

412.5

706.3

1075

Truck

1312.5

1312.5

2137.5

Barge

262.5

262.5

618.8

Many studies on fuel efficiency have been shown to transport water from the shallow lower average fuel consumption of transportation to move bulkraw materials is less energy intensive method freight in quantities equivalent load, and consumes less energy than alternatives. [14].

6.2 Safety - Since the consequence of not being safe for the environment is catastrophic, the comparison of modal transport system revealed that the transport of water has the lowest number of incidents, fatalities and injuries to compare the surface mode. The environment of the inland waterway, with its slow traffic speeds, is relatively mild, and the shock and vibration, which are mitigated by the dampening effect of the same route, usually not considered a problem. Land, including roads and cars are exposed accidents, often results in a loss, especially railway transport are more vulnerable because shipments usually a large number of units mass moving at high speed on a single line. Barges with river navigation infrastructure support to ensure the right of passage for pleasure boats operate mainly in warmer climates during the day compared intermodal recent work of the Foundation Navigation

6.3 Congestion – Pressure Technology for changing needs, and the population led to a strong demand for road transport vehicles has been to the problems of congestion and UN circulation growth of traffic cones, in most cities in the world is now higher than any increase at Casa Verde net increase gas output, which currently affects our planet. Currently border infrastructure capacity, where demand exceeds supply traffic cause delays and security problems.

6.4 Air, Noise and vibration pollution – Increased traffic volumes, because of the urban population, increased mobility has been established in several recent studies that the main contributors to increased noise and pollution of the quality air. Comparative studies show that road transport is the main offender Road transport is the author of more major transportation alternatives. Currently, there are few data exist on levels of noise from barge operations, mainly because it is not considered problem. Figure 4 shows the strength of the driving environment next-generation technology.

Table 4 – Comparison Edition

Nox

PM

CF

COx

Sox

%

%

%

%

%

After treatment

SCR (Selected Catalytic Reduction)

-81

-35

-7.5

-7.5

-7.5

MFP (particulate filter)

Not

-85

2

2

2

Lead Management Systems

ATM (Tempomaat Advisor)

-10

-10

-10

-10

-10

Diesel fuel quality replacement

(BD) Bio – Diesel

-10

-30

15

65

~ -100

BDB (a blend of biodiesel, 20% BD)

2

-6

3

-13

-20 ~

LSF (low sulfur)

Not

-1.7

no

no

~ -100

New motor technology

NSE (natural gas engine)

-98.5

-97.5

4.5

-10

-100

6.5 The social impact – trucks and trains are much closer to populated areas and release large amounts of pollution and noise in the residence, barges their way slowly along remote rivers on their journey. By contrast, river barges have little impact on the densely populated. Barge transits are relatively rare due to the large tonnage moved at one time. River operations will take place in the channels near the shore, motor and trailer are generally below water line, which muffles the sound. surface movement, both by road and rail nearby residential neighborhoods contributes to the visual, physical, and barriers psychological can lead to fragmentation of these areas. Reduced social interaction, limited access to other neighborhoods, and increasing congestion Traffic congestion can cause serious disruptions of police, fire and medical services, and the isolation of communities Newspaper

6.6 The carrying capacity – in terms of ability of a study conducted by the SEC came up with the following conclusion, which gives a good advantage Interior on other means of transport.

6.7 IWTS Economics – Economic changes and the policies of the nation is a factor important that you have created and operated dynamic emerging economies and the needs generated and the prospects for freer trade and transport along the river in Europe and the USA. This analysis of economic and environmental analysis in this research will provide assurance of cold to drive transport policies that promote modal shift. The performance of inland requires an economic analysis that identifies the trade volume growth resulting increase in traffic fast. Commercial Transport Corridor in Malaysia has jumped over 100% over the last decade, by far the largest increase in road traffic. Malaysia is expected to economy will continue this dynamic development in the coming years (with a minimum average per capita GDP growth rates of 3-4% per year until 2015) and the flow of traffic would increase accordingly [15]. Comparing the mode of transport, inland waterways, compared to road and air transport seen as more environmental and energy efficiency, so that may contribute to socio-economic development of the region. use multimodal transportation options (Road, rail and inland waterways) must be ensured.

6.8 Regulation requirement – Due to the participation of the international maritime industry, the need for the completion of the following United Nations silence procedure, while the state will decide on the formulation local legislation to implement the Maritime Administration and State for control of port. In the above described legal framework to guide the development of legislation in the context of maritime transport, three main objectives of the legislation in the legal framework are:

i. Providing a legal framework for transport Maritime – effective legal framework is intended to cover all parties involved in maritime transport

ii. For the application of the fundamental objectives States in the coalition to prevent the accidents and the consequences of pollution that may result from the control-relevant legislation, focusing on crew safety, collision avoidance, recovery.

iii. To achieve certain goals of economic policy in the economy for to expand the national fleet, the promotion of employment of nationals on board foreign vessels.

7.0 Technical Requirements / Classification IWTS

River Classification System is required to ensure an orderly and efficient control and maintenance of water courses of an inventory of existing infrastructure and transport should be established as the basis of a sound classification system. This inventory must include many quantitative aspects (eg, the minimum depth, width and height of the river, marking the equipment with minimal navigation aids, and the number ship) and qualitative aspects (eg, the state of infrastructure and the performance of the transport fleet.) data problems can often be very important. Each consignment of Class: I, II, … his ship was standardized (type, length, width, draft and load to design load and the bridge at least) or limited barge standard integrated tow (training and the number of barge tow, the total length of cable is the pusher, the beam to tow the barge total, the project of the barge in tow, the most active and the trawlers in the load capacity and the minimum height under bridges), corresponding to the conditions of waterways. Classification adopted by the European Conference of Transport Ministers (ECMT) is indicated in the table below [16].

Table 5-Source IWTS Classification -: [47]

Classification

Type

Production capacity (tonnes)

CEMT classification (maximum size of ship in meters)

Beam

Length

Air Project

Draft

I

small boat

300

5

38.5

3.55

2.2

II

Boat Campeenar

600

6.6

50

4.2

2.5

III

Doctmund-Ems

1200

8.2

67

3.95

2.5

IV

Rhine-Herne

1350

9.5

80

4.4

2.5

V

Great Rhin

2000

11.5

95

6.7

2.7

IWTS Requirements 7.1 ships

The ship is in port and port access to the optimal size of vessels and their implications economic partners can be made available by way of water required maintenance dredging. ship production and channel state are out of phase. Large and demand has resulted in large ships to emerge in a short period of time after the attention of the Second World War, however, the less channels of data has continued to host these ships. Large ships usually with difficulty maneuvering in tight spaces, and the width of the channel is an essential component chains of some magnitude. The conditions of access and security in ports and ports often lead to the maintenance channels and artificial structures such as jetties and breakwaters.

vessel characteristics – As ships become larger, there is no change in technology means link to the safety of operating and controlling. In reference to this design has focused on issues such as drift, along with mitigation of large containers that can complicate the ship controllability in narrow channels, and during low speed maneuvers also limit the speed in the channel is still an essential element of operational maintenance of workboats drive technology direct diesel ships with an installed capacity to reach the services of high-speed design can in some cases between a minimum speed of about 8 knots, very high speed in confined waters, always a challenge for terminal operators [16].

Manoeuvrability of the designs are more focused on the use Optimum ships in the open ocean, and pay attention to operations in confined spaces. Ship control is important when ships turn slowly, docks, or accompanying tugs. Factors contributing to loss of control include the slow speed of the vessel, following the currents, waves and a cross wind. Sailboats sailing trips need extra space to maneuver. A navigation channel must meet the ships used by many. The vessels are controlled by propellers and rudders in the stern. Some vessels are equipped with bow thrusters and bow thrusters and stern, which facilitates the control, especially at low speed. Often, one or more tugs are needed ships to assist in certain phases of input and output port.

operation of ships for the navigation channel deepening are necessary to improve safety, efficiency and productivity of maritime trade in the ports. shallow draft to incorporate similar concerns and public access often for recreation as well. This follows from the operation of ships is important in the maintenance of channels:

Navigation system include next port of Port:

i. Engineering Watercourses: Navigation Channel, environmental factors, dredging and mapping services, home facilities.

ii. Maritime traffic: operational rules, aids to navigation, the pilot and towing service, communications and transit services.

iii. hydrodynamics of the vessel, vessel design, maneuverability and controllability, human factors of the navigation equipment.

Fairway 7.2 requirement – shipping canal dimensions imply vessels transiting a waterway, dredging maintenance of the capacity – of sediment production and estimates the clear objective of reducing channel accepts the end of the great vessels should be conducted in an environmentally sustainable and optimal efficiency (economically). Quantification chain need to quantify the depth to which the open wave sweeping obligation to determine and lead to the optimal choice of resistance. general analysis, navigation and the environment and sediment, with the iterative process and expected benefit studies discussed case, taking into account the impact the channel during the procedure and during construction.

Navigation, coastal engineers and geotechnical have a pronounced problem with respect to this point – the design of past human activities has been based on an assessment after the disaster when engineers focused on the high level of uncertainty with caution, assignment or specify the capacity much greater than expected demand. The relationship between capacity forecast demand is the conventional approach of the safety factors that need to experience significant levels right.Complementing, maintenance is also wok sustainable balance Aid Navigational information / navigation. Channel size to channel depth and width characteristics:

i. Features Site depth – the depth of the channel is considered more important by channel designers, economists and sailing.

ii. Channel Features Width – The main characteristics of the channel width can be grouped into the following broad categories:

a. Site design (ie, view Road plant characteristics such as straight and curved)

b. Channel cross section (hydrodynamic characteristics such as depth, width and side slopes ") feed on many factors in determining the dimensions and specifications of the channel characteristics

Quality aid to navigation, the type of channel cross section, current workforce and the impact of the scale, the experience of the ship simulator study indicates that the criteria traditional channel width are too conservative. Navigation is more difficult when the channel section of the Cross (deep muddy flood depth and width channel) varies significantly. Bank effects and currents are less predictable and additional treatments are necessary for the control of ships. traditional orientation Channel width is the same as for deep-water channels.

7.3 IWTS environmental sustainability – sustainability of Nations United under the approach defined 4 levels of environmental balance, economic, social and development problem that occupied man, the environment, which inherited survival, and reliability in the continuity of the planet to the right of future generations. Marine industry need to adapt to our ways of doing things in a world of sensitivity is characterized by the sustainability of capacity building, efficiency, optimization of the development, practices and operations that meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Environmental sustainability – "environmental issues" on around us, and the difficulties associated with changes in the bathymetry due to dredging or as a necessity led to changes in water currents or other oceanographic effects or the result of sediment transport and maintain the n, to support our life and existence and the purpose associated with them. system require historical data sets and recent and predictive and "is now released and predictions of these parameters for the use of numerical models that can provide real time information on water levels, currents and other oceanographic and meteorological data from bays and harbors, are available.

7.4 Transport hybrid processes Requirements – A smart public transport – Hybridization of the transport system will require:

1. Development of a standard design for Ship Control Centre (SCC) design
2. Development of advanced information processing to improve efficiency and safety, including human performance through the integration of information and improved decision-making methods.
3. Verification of Conceptual SCC standard risk and responsibility for the solution to design, efficiency and safety in combination with greater user satisfaction. Evaluation of safety, the risk of collision, supports the interoperability and interconnectivity.
4. Concept Standard for ISC systems including the use of components for a future standard ISC, including guidelines for the development of society and the kinds of standards compliance.
5. Harmonized Human Machine Interface (HMI) to contribute to the safety and efficiency improvement measures in the project.
6. network of standardized processes, including the use of tools for predicting network performance, reliability expressed

8.0 Conclusion

In short It Up, construction hybrid systems that combine integrated land transport by road of water resources is certainly a challenge. To succeed in transporting such devices, provide the value and benefits require setting high goals can be achieved within a specified period, the cost-benefit must be clearly defined and issues performance and life cycle should be treated properly, the risk mitigated. transparency of information and exchange of information dissemination through the forum must be provided. The fact that the environment is an issue of global warming, climate change and the ozone layer is driving the current technology system Performed internal transport of water have been discussed. Need for transport guarantees and the new transport strategy for integrating sustainable waterborne age mitigate environmental impacts, technical, economic, social, security, environmental imperative under the Integrated Transport System Integrative provide a reliable system of inland water transport of increasingly aggressive state should adopt smart planning for sustainable transport multimodal.

9.0 References

1. Rackwitz, R. "How safe is safe enough? An optimization approach and quality of life index. AstraNET Conference Proceedings 2002

2. BMAbbas. Development of River Basin. Tycooly, Dublin, 1983

3. "Development technologies on board for the sound environment of the 21st century. An international perspective. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, vol. 1, No. 3, 196.

4. Pittock, B., D. Wratt et al., Australia and New Zealand. In "Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Report Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2001: Chapter 12.

5. Laurel Gascho, Henrike Peichert Sarah Renner and "Malaysia / Guidance and comparative experiences and River Transport System "network environment and poverty, in February 2006

7. Osterreichische Wasserstraße. "The internal environmental performance "RINA, p. 49, 2007

8. Illinois State Water Survey, Department of Energy and Natural Resources, "Impacts of commercial navigation in the water quality in the river channel of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 1992.

9. Eastman, SE fuel efficiency "in transportation of goods ", the American Waterway Operators, Inc., Arlington, VA, June, 1980, p.7.

10. National Waterways Foundation. "U.S. Routes of productivity. A public-private partnership, Huntsville, AL, 1983, p. 165-167 *.

13. Butts, A. Thomas and Dana B. Shackleford. " Impacts commercial navigation in the water quality in the channel of the Illinois River. ISWS RR-122. 1992

14. U.S. Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources Water Resources Support Center, National Routes of study, analysis of the environmental aspects of inland navigation ", Journal of the Project, Fort Beloit, VA, April 1980, p227.

15. Grill, states: "The new European standards for the size of the rivers of emergency. Port" Hinterland, Delata Rotterdam Europort, 1967

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