Flag of India

History
India was under British rule in the 19th century. A series of flags with different designs have been used in the period pre-independence India Movement by leaders of the various princely states, the notion of an Indian flag was first raised by officials British in India after the revolt of 1857 which led to the creation of direct imperial rule. The first flag, whose design was based on heraldry Western standards, was similar to the flags of other British colonies such as Canada and Australia, including the blue flag of the Union flag on the dial upper left and a star of India beat Royal Crown in the center of the right half. To answer the question of how the star passed "Indianness" Queen Victoria created Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India in honor of service to the empire by their Indian subjects. Subsequently, all states in India have received the flags with symbols based on the criteria of European heraldry.
Flag of British India, 18581947
In the twentieth century, through the coronation Edward VII, there has been discussion about the need for a heraldic symbol was representative of the Indian Empire. William Coldstream, a British member of Service Indian Civil government has campaigned to change the heraldic symbol of a star, which he sees as a common option, something more appropriate that bind people of the Kingdom of Great Britain. His proposal has not been well received by the government, Lord Curzon rejected for practical reasons, the multiplication of the pavilions. In this time, nationalist opinion within the domain was taken to a representation of religious tradition. The symbols included in the mode of Ganesha, called by Bal Gangadhar Tilak for, and Kali, brought by Aurobindo Ghosh and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Another symbol is a cow, or Gau Mata (Mother Cow). However, all these symbols have focused on Hindu and does not suggest the unit with the Muslim population of India.
Partition of Bengal (1905) led the establishment of a new flag India, which seeks to unite the multitude of castes and races in the country. The flag Bande Mataram, a part of the Swadeshi Movement against the British took Indian symbols Religious represented in heraldic form of the West. The tricolor, eight white lotus red in the top band representing the eight provinces, a sun and a crescent in the band Green represents lower Hindu and Muslim population, respectively, and the motto of the Bande Mataram in Hindi central yellow stripe. The flag was introduced in Calcutta devoid the whole ceremony and launch had been briefly covered in the newspapers. The flag does not appear in reports of the time or the policies of the government, either, but used during the annual session of National Assembly of India. A slightly modified version was later used by Madam Bhikaji bed of the second meeting Socialist International in Stuttgart. Despite the many uses of the flag, which does not generate enthusiasm among Indian nationalists.
Around the same time, another proposal the flag was initiated by Sister Nivedita, a Hindu reformer and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. The flag consists of a beam in the center and hundreds of oil lamps and eight in the border dividing the legend around the beam Vande Mataram. Also presented at the meeting of Indian National Congress in 1906. Soon, many other proposals have been launched, but none have attracted the attention of the nationalist movement. In 1916, thirty Pingali Venkayya introduced new models in the form of a brochure funded by Member of the High Court of Madras. The many proposals and recommendations have little more to keep alive the movement's flag. The same year, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak adopted a new flag under the Autonomy Movement. The flag includes the Union Jack in the upper left, a star and crescent on the top right, and seven stars featured in diagonally from the lower right, a fund of five and four green stripes red. The flag has resulted in the Government's initiative first national flag against all, as a judge Coimbatore prohibits its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the role and importance of a national flag.
flag Gandhi, presented at the meeting of Congress in 1921
In early 1920, discussions were held national flag of the importance in most of the British dominions after the peace treaty between Great Britain and Ireland. In November 1920, the Indian delegation to the League Nations wanted to use an Indian flag, which has led to British government of India to re-focus on the flag as national symbol. In April 1921, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wrote in his journal Young India on need for a flag of India, proposed a flag with the charkha or spinning wheel in the center. Spin the wheel idea was presented by Lala Hansraj and Gandhi Venkayya commissioned to design a brand with the wheel on a red and green flag, the red Indians and green status for Muslims. Gandhi wanted the flag should be submitted to the Congress session 1921, but have not served time, and another flag was proposed during the session. Gandhi later wrote that the delay was fortuitous, since it allowed him to realize other religions were represented, and then added White flag colors to represent all other religions. However, once Sikhs wanted the banner to include black and Gandhi was forced to answer these questions in his writings and speeches. Finally, because religious and political sensitivity, in 1929, Gandhi was an interpretation most secular of the colors of the flag, indicating that red was for the sacrifices the people, the white for purity and green for hope.
On April 13, 1923, during a procession by local volunteers of the Congress in Nagpur commemorating the slaughter Jallianwala Bagh, the Swaraj flag with the spinning wheel, designed by Venkayya, was hoisted. This event gave lead to a confrontation between Congress and the police, after which five people were jailed. Over one hundred demonstrators followed the procession of flag after a meeting. Subsequently, the first of May, Jamnalal Bajaj, Secretary of Nagpur Congress Committee, launched the Satyagraha flag to attract attention national and marks an important point in the movement of the flag. Satyagraha, the national promotion by Congress, began to create fissures within the organization in which the Gandhi were excited while the other, the Swarajists, called free accordingly. Finally, at the All India Congress Committee meeting in July at the insistence of Jawaharlal Nehru and Sarojini Naidu, Congress closed ranks and the movement of the flag has been approved. The movement of the flag was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel with the idea of public processions and shows flag by ordinary people. At the end of the movement, more than 1,500 people were arrested throughout British India. Chronicle Bombay, said the movement has attracted several groups of society, including farmers, students, merchants, workers and staff "nationals. Although participation was moderate Muslims, the women's movement enthusiasts, who until now rarely been involved in the movement for independence.
Swaraj flag, officially adopted by Congress in 1931
While stirring the flag had its momentum of speeches and writings of Gandhi, the movement has received the acceptance policy after the incident Nagpur. News reports, editorials and letters to the editor published in various journals Head and newspapers of the time show the continued development of a link between the flag and the nation. Soon the idea to preserve the honor of the national flag has become an integral component of the fight for freedom. While Muslims were still flag suspicious Swaraj, has gained acceptance among Muslim leaders of Congress and the Khilafat Movement and the national flag. Critics of the movement flag, including Motilal Nehru, once hailed the Swaraj flag as a symbol of national unity. The flag has become an important structural element of the institution India. Unlike moderate responses of the past, the British Indian Government had a greater knowledge of the new flag, and began to define a political response. The British Parliament debated the flag public use, and on the basis of the guidelines in England, the British government India has threatened to withdraw funds from municipalities and local governments that did not prevent the display of the flag Swaraj. The flag is Swaraj became the official flag of the Congress 1931 meeting. However, for Then, the flag had become the symbol of the independence movement.
India Flag, the first stamp of independent India, published November 21, 1947, was intended for foreign correspondence.
A few days before India gained its freedom in August 1947, the Constituent Assembly was formed. To select a flag for Independent India, June 23, 1947, the Assembly established an ad hoc committee chaired by Rajendra Prasad and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad particular, Sarojini Naidu, C. Rajagopalachari, KM Munshi and BR Ambedkar its members. On July 14, 1947, the committee recommended that the flag of Indian National Congress adopted as the national flag of India with the appropriate changes so that it is acceptable to all parties and communities. It was also decided that the flag should have no connotation Community. The wheel Congress flag was replaced by Chakra (wheel) of the Lion Capital of Ashoka. According to Robert Aron, the Chakra was chosen because it was the representative of Dharma and law. However, Nehru explained that the change was more practical, as opposed to the flag with the wheel, this view seems symmetrical. Gandhi was not very happy with this change, but finally came to accept. Flag has been proposed by Nehru in the Constituent Assembly of 22 July 1947, a horizontal tricolor of deep saffron, green white and black in equal proportions, with the blue Ashoka wheel in the center of the white stripe. Nehru also presented two flags, one silk and one in Khadi Khadi of cotton, to the Assembly. The resolution was approved unanimously. He served as the national flag of the Dominion of India between 15 August 1947 and January 26, 1950, and served as the flag of the Republic of India since then.
Design and Symbolism
The original sandstone sculpted Lion Capital of Ashoka preserved at Sarnath Museum. The chakra On the flag is derived from this ancient monument.
Gandhi first proposed a flag for the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya, a farmer in Machilipatnam. The original design was submitted Gandhi including two colors, red for Hindus, Muslims and green. In the center was a traditional wheel spinning, symbol of the goal of India's Gandhi autonomous in making their own clothes. The design was then amended to include a white stripe in the center of other communities religious, and provide a basis for turning the wheel. Later, to avoid sectarian associations with color, saffron, white and green were chosen for the three bands, that represents the courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry, respectively.
A few days before India became independent in August 1947, the specially constituted Constituent Assembly decided that the flag of India must be acceptable to all parties and communities. A modified version of the flag Swaraj was elected, the tricolor flag remains the same with saffron, white and green. However, the charkha has been replaced by the Ashoka Chakra on behalf of the eternal Wheel of Law. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who later became India's first Vice President said flag adopted and describes its importance as follows:
Bhagwan or saffron means renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their work. The white in the center is light, the way of truth to guide our conduct. Green shows our relation to (the ground), our relationship with the plant life here, in which all life depends on others. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the center of the target is the wheel of the law of dharma. Truth or Satya, dharma or virtue must be the beginning of control of those who work under this flag. Once again, indicates the wheel movement. He died at a standstill. There is life in motion. India must stop resisting change, we must move and move forward. The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful change.
The manufacturing process
Flag size
The length and width in millimeters
1
6300 4200
2
3600 2400
3
2700 1800
4
1800 1200
5
1350 900
6
900 600
7
450 300
8
225 150
9
150 100
The process of designing and manufacturing of the National Flag is governed by three documents published by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). All Flags are made from khadi silk or cotton cloth. The standards were created in 1968 and updated in 2008. Nine standard sizes The flag is set by law, and the larger size (6.3 by 4.2 meters (21 feet by 14 feet)) is controlled by the Government of Maharashtra at the top of the Mantralaya building, the headquarters of the administrative state.
In 1951, after India became a republic, the rules of the Indian Institute (now BIS) released the first official flag specifications. Were reviewed in 1964 to conform to the metric system to be spent in India. The specifications have been modified August 17, 1968. The specifications cover all the essential requirements of the manufacturing Indian flag, including the size, color tint, color values, brightness, the number of threads and ropes of hemp. The guidelines are covered by civil and criminal laws and flaws in the manufacturing process can result in penalties including fines and imprisonment. Khadi or hand-spun fabric is materials may be used only for the flag and a flag made of any material is punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years plus a fine. Raw Materials the khadi are restricted to cotton, silk and wool. There are two types of khadi used: first is the khadi-Bunting, which is the body of the flag, and the second is the khadi-duck who is a beige color fabric has the flag on the pole. The khadi-duck is a type armor and son unconventional mesh three compared with two fabrics used in tissue traditional. This tissue type is extremely rare, and there are fewer than twenty weavers in India professing this skill. The guidelines also state that should not be exactly 150 square centimeter per child, four threads per point, and one square foot should weigh exactly 205 grams (7.2 ounces).
A header of a flag of India (size 6, date 2007/2008) certified by the ISI.
The woven khadi is obtained from two weaving units in the hand and the northern districts of Bagalkot Karnataka Dharwad. Nowadays Karnataka Khadi Sangha Gramodyoga based in Hubli Samyukta is licensed only production and block the flag of India. The authorization to provide units flag Indian manufacturing is assigned by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, although the BIS has the power to cancel licenses units that violate the guidelines. The hand-woven khadi national flag was originally built in garages, a small village in Dharwad district. A center was created in 1954 by Garage some freedom fighters under the banner of Dharwad Taluk Kshetriya Seva Sangh and license to make flags Center.
Once woven, the material is sent to the BIS laboratories for testing. After to analyze the quality, material, if approved, is returned to the factory. Is separated into three lots that are dyed with saffron, white and green. The Ashoka Chakra is printed, stenciled or embroidered on each side due to the fabric. Also consider that the chakra is fully visible and synchronized on both sides. Three pieces of the minimum size of each color are sewn together, according to the specifications and the final product is ironed and packed. Check the BIS colors then and only then can the flag be sold.
Protocol
Item: Flag Code of India
flag proper display of horizontal and vertical
Display and use of flags is governed by the flag code of India, 2002 (successor of India Flag Code, the code of the original flag), Emblems and Names (Prevention of Misuse) 1950 and the Prevention of Insults to National Honor Act, 1971. Insulting the national flag, including serious insult or humiliation to her, and so the use violating the provisions of the Code Banner, are punishable by law with imprisonment of up to three years or a fine, or both. Regulation provides that the official flag should never touch the ground or water, or used as a curtain in any form. The flag can not be intentionally placed upside down, immersed in something, or have other objects the petals of flowers before implementation. No font can be placed on the flag. When outdoors the flag should always be made between sunrise and sunset, regardless of the weather. By 2009, the flag can fly in a public building at night in special circumstances circumstances Now, the citizens of India can fly the flag, even at night, subject to the limitation that the flag should be hoisted on a mast height and well lit. The flag should never be depicted, displayed or theft to the reverse. Tradition also says that when draped vertically, the flag can not only be rotated 90 degrees, but backwards as well. One "reads" a flag like the pages of a book, from top to bottom and from left to right, and after rotation of the results must be the same. It is considered an insult to fly the flag of a frayed or soiled, and the same rule applies to the sticks and ropes used to hoist the flag, which should always be in good condition.
The original code of the flag of India does not permit citizens to fly the national flag, with the exception of days as national Independence Day or Republic Day. In 2001, Naveen Jindal, an industrialist used to flag the use of more egalitarian United States where he studied the Indian flag flew in his office building. The flag was confiscated and he was warned of criminal action. Jindal filed a petition interest litigation public in the Delhi High Court sought to abolish the restriction of the use of the flag by individuals, arguing that raising the national flag with the decorum and honor their right as a citizen, and a way to express their love for the country. At the end of the appeal proceedings, the case was heard by the Supreme Court of India, the court ruled Jindal's favor, the government called India to study the issue. The Council of Ministers of the Union of India, and amended the Indian flag code with effect from January 26, 2002, allowing private citizens to raise the flag every day of the year, without prejudice to safeguard the dignity, honor and respect the flag. It is also considered the code was not a law and restrictions on the code to follow, and therefore the right to fly the flag is a limited, unlike the absolute rights guaranteed to citizens, and must be interpreted in the context of Article 19 of the Constitution of India. The original code also banned the use of the flag flag on uniforms, suits and other garments. In July 2005 the Government of India amended the code to allow certain forms use. The amended code prohibits the use of clothing below the waist and underwear, and prohibits the embroidered pillowcases, bandanas or other clothing material.
The removal of damaged flags is also included in the flag code. Damaged or dirty flags can not be removed or destroyed without respect, which should be totally destroyed privately, preferably by burning or by any other method consistent with the dignity of the flag.
Show
Protocol for inversion of the Indian national flag with the flag of another country
The rules of good methods to display the flag state that when two flags are fully spread horizontally on the wall behind a podium, his team hoist should be higher to the other with shots of saffron. If the flag is displayed on a short stick, to be equipped with a corner of the wall covered with the flag of good taste of it. If two national flags are displayed in the Cross personnel, forklifts must be one to the other and The Flags should be completely removed. The flag should never be used as a cloth to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or buildings, or be covered with gratings. When flag is displayed indoors in halls at public meetings or meetings of any kind, you should always right (observer's left) because the authoritative position. So when the flag is displayed next to a speaker in the room or venue, should be placed to the right of the speaker. When you display in the lobby also should be to the right audience. The flag should be placed completely smeared with saffron strip on the top. If hung vertically on the wall behind the podium, the saffron band should be to the left of the spectators facing the flag with the cable lifting the top.
A procession of the flag
The flag, when carried parade or procession or with another flag or flags, should be placed on the right to walk alone or in the center front. The flag may be a hallmark of unveiling of a statue, monument or plaque, but should never be used as the object layer. As a sign of respect for the flag should never be dipped to any person or thing in contrast to the colors of the regiment, organizational or institutional flags can be dipped as a badge of honor. In the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag or when the flag is in a parade or review, all persons present should face him and at attention. Those present in uniform should render the proper greeting. When the flag is a movable, attendees will be held at attention or salute the flag front. A dignitary may take the hi uncovered. The flag must be followed hello the interpretation of the national anthem.
The privilege of flying the national flag on vehicles is limited to the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Lieutenant-governors and governors, chief ministers of EU Ministers, Members of Parliament and State Legislatures, judges of the Supreme Court of India and the High Court and Flag rank officers of the Army, Navy and Air Force. The flag should be flown in a good position either in the front half or front right side of the car. When a foreign dignitary traveling in a vehicle provided by government, the flag should be flown on the right side of the car, while the flag of the foreign country must be placed on the left side. The flag should be flown on the aircraft carrying the President, the Vice-President or Prime Minister during a visit to a foreign country. Next National Flag, the flag of the country visited should also be made, but when the plane lands in countries en route, the national flags of the countries , Respectively, will fly in place. When the chairman of India, had the flag on the side of the firing of President or land, The flag is also flown on trains, but only when the train is stopped or approaching a railway station.
When the flag of India flying in the territory of India and other national flags the general rule is that the Indian flag should be the starting point of all flags. When the flags are placed in a straight line, the far right of the flag (most the observer's left front of the flag) is the flag of India, followed by other national flags in alphabetical order. When placed in a circle, the flag India is the first point and was followed by other indicators in alphabetical order. In that location, all flags should be approximately the same size, no flag is greater Indian flag. Each flag should be flown their own flag pole and should not be placed higher than the other. Besides being the first flag, the flag of India can also be placed in the line or a circle in alphabetical order. When placed on poles to cross the flag of India should be in front of the other flag, to the right (observers left) of the other flag. The only exception to the above rule is nourished by the United Nations flag, which can be placed to the right of the Indian flag.
When the flag of India appears with non-national flags, including indicators of business and advertising banners, the rules state that if the flags on separate staffs, the flag of India should be the midpoint or more to the left of view of spectators, or at least a larger flag that flags other group members. Its mast must be poles apart from the other group, but if they are on the same staff, should be the highest in the pavilion. If the flag is carried in procession with other flags, should stay ahead of the procession walked, or if done with a row of flags at the front line, should I do to walk right out of the procession.
Berne
The flag should be hoisted at half mast in mourning. The decision to do so rests with the President of India, which also decides the period of mourning such. When the flag mast must be set first, you have to climb to the head, then slowly lowered to half mast. While lowering the flag is first mentioned in part top pole, then lowered. Only the Indian flag at half mast and all other flags remain at normal height. The flag is lowered at the national level the death of the President, Vice-President, the Prime Minister. He got in New Delhi and the State of origin to the president of the Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Ministers the Union. The death of governors, lieutenant governors and chief ministers, the flag is flown at half mast in various states and Union Territories. The flag of India you can not fly at half mast in the Republic Day, Independence Day, Gandhi Jayanthi, Week of state or anniversaries, except buildings housing the body of the deceased. But even in these cases, the flag should be hoisted to the top, where the body fell from the building. Manifestations of the state in mourning the death of dignitaries foreigners are governed by special instructions issued by the Ministry of Interior in individual cases. But in case of death of a head of state or head of government of a foreign country Indian Mission accredited to that country may fly the national flag at half mast. On occasions of state, military, funerals central para-military forces, the flag should be placed in the casket or a coffin with the saffron towards the head of the coffin or casket. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre.
See also
India portal
Similar flags
Flags of India
Notes
^ The current flag is an adaptation of the original design Venkayya, but is generally recognized as the creator of the flag.
Notes
Virmani ^ 1999, p. 172
^ Roy 2006, p. 498
Virmani ^ 1999, p. 173
Virmani ^ 1999 p. 174
^ Virmani 1999, pp. 175 176
^ Roy 2006, pp. 498 499
^ Virmani 1999, pp. 176 177
^ Roy 2006, p. 504
^ Virmani 1999, pp. 177 178
^ Roy 2006, pp. 503 505
^ Virmani 1999, pp. 181 186
^ Roy 2006, p. 505
^ Virmani 1999, pp. 187 191
^ Roy 2006, p. 508
India seals ^ 19,471,988. (1989) Seal of the Department of Posts, India.
^ Souvenir Stamp Sheet Series independence, India Post, 1948
Abcdefghijk ^ "Flag Code India, 2002 ". quadrangle. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. April 4, 2002. http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html. Retrieved 11 October 2006.
^ Jha 2008, pp. 106 107
Ab ^ Heimer, eljko (July 2, 2006). "India". Flags of the World. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in.html. Retrieved October 11, 2006.
^ "Finally, Pingali Venkaiah together for good time. July 30, 2009. Http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/city/hyderabad/Finally-Pingali-Venkaiah-set-to-get-his-due / articleshow/4835923.cms. Accessed December 11, 2009.
^ "Tribute to the man with the flag." August 10, 2007. . Retrieved on December 11, 2009.
^ "Flag of India." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. 2009. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1355310/flag-of-India. Retrieved on July 2, 2009.
ABCD ^ "Flag Code of India. Ministry of Interior, Government of India. January 25, 2006. Http://web.archive.org/web/20060110155908/http://mha.nic.in/nationalflag2002.htm . Retrieved October 11, 2006.
^ "Indian Standards" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Standards. http://www.bis.org.in/sf/pow/txd.pdf. Retrieved on November 29 2009.
^ Ganapati, Priya (25January 2002). "Dhanesh Bhatt: India's only licensed manufacturer Tricolor. Rediff.com. Http: / / www.rediff.com/money/2002/jan/25flag.htm. Accessed October 11, 2006.
^ Vattam ABC, Shyam Sundar (June 15, 2004). "Why are all the national flags are" made in "Hubli. Deccan Herald. Retrieved on May 22, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060522230211/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun152004/spt2.asp. Retrieved October 11, 2006.
Abcd ^ Chandaraju Aruna (15/08/2004). "Flag City." The Hindu. Http: / / www.hindu.com/mag/2004/08/15/stories/2004081500450200.htm. Retrieved on 10/02/2010.
^ Chandaraju Aruna (August 15, 2004). "The flag of the city." The Hindu. Http: / / www.hindu.com/mag/2004/08/15/stories/2004081500450200.htm. Retrieved on February 17, 2010.
^ "The Prevention of insults to National Honour Act, 1971" (PDF). Ministry of the Interior, Government of India. http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/Prevention_Insults_National_Honour_Act1971.pdf. Accessed December 11, 2009.
^ Press Trust of India (December 24, 2009). "Now, the Indian tricolor could fly at night." The Times of India. Http: / / Timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-Indians-can-fly-Tricolour-at-night/articleshow/5371591.cms. Retrieved on February 10, 2010.
^ "My flag, my country." Rediff.com. June 13, 2001. http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jun/13spec.htm. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
^ "Union of India v. Navin Jindal. Supreme Court India. Retrieved on December 24, 2004. . Search July 1, 2005.
prtpage ^ "Tricolore Sport, and not below the belt." The Times of India. Http: / / timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1161089, 1.cms. Accessed May 11, 2008.
References
Virmani, Arundhati (2008), a national flag for India. Rituals, nationalism and politics of feelings Delhi Permanent Black, ISBN 81-7824-232-X
Virmani, Arundhati (August 1999), "national symbols under colonial domination: the nationalization of the flag Indian Marchugust 1923, "Past and Present 164: 169 197, 651 278 JSTOR.
Roy Srirupa (August 2006), "a symbol of freedom: the flag of India and transformations Nationalism, 1906, "Journal of Asian Studies 65 (3), ISSN 0021-9118, OCLC 37893507, http://www.umass.edu/sbs/pdf/srirupa_roy_article.pdf
Sadan Jha (October 25, 2008), "The Indian National Flag as a site of daily plebiscite," Economic and Political Weekly: 102 111, ISSN 0012-9976, OCLC 1567377.
"Indian Standards" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Standards. http://www.bis.org.in/sf/pow/txd.pdf. Search July 1, 2005.
"The India ". Flags of the World. Http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in.html. Retrieved on June 30, 2005.
'India: historical flags. Flags of the World. Http: / / www.crwflags.com / FOTW / flags / in hist.html. Retrieved on June 30, 2005.
"Flying the true tricolor. Rediff.com. Http: / / www.rediff.com/money/2002/jan/25flag.htm. Retrieved July 1, 2005.
"My flag, my country." Rediff.com. Http: / / www.rediff.com/news/2001/jun/13spec.htm. Search July 1, 2005.
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Flags of India
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations: Flag of India
Wikisource has text related to this article original
Flag code of India
"National Flag". National Portal of India. Government of India. . Accessed February 8, 2010.
"Flag Code of India. Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/flagcodeofindia.pdf. Retrieved on February 8 2010.
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