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The Worlds dead zones
"Dead Zones" were first discovered by oceanographers in the 1970s.
They are more and more regions in the vicinity the coastline, ocean, where life is very concentrated. Areas in which life can not survive in the sea, due to a severe reduction in the oxygen content.
In March 2004, the United Nations Environment Programme revealed there were 146 dead zones in the oceans of our planet. A study in 2008 revealed they had dead to 405 zones, the increase of one square kilometer area to 70,000 square kilometers.
The Gulf of Mexico dead zone is already 22 126 m² k and therefore under the additional threat the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Scientists are concerned, the dead zone could rise dramatically, used for oil decomposes oxygen.
The dead zone the Gulf has been developed by nitrogen used to fertilize corn, which then leaks into the Mississippi River and the Gulf. Not only is the Mississippi basin in the heart of the American Agricultural industry, is up to one third of corn production in the production of fuel ethanol use.
prepared with the Congress and Environmental Protection Agency, the increasing level of ethanol in gasoline from 10 percent to 15 percent, more and more farmers did produce a monoculture of corn.
"More from nitrate is Maize fields, than from a different culture is far from ", Gene Turner, a zoologist at Louisiana State University says.
The fertilizer feeds massive Algal blooms, which die and fall to the seabed where they decompose, destroy ocean life. The reduction of oxygen, called hypoxia kills, which is not all that can escape. Fish reproductive organs are often reduced in size resulting in a loss of spawning.
Since the 1980s, the Gulf dead zone has doubled. Another dead zone has been In July 2007, discovered off the coast of Texas, where the Brazos River empties into the Gulf.
Other dead zones found in the Black Sea, the northern Adriatic, The Baltic Sea estuary, South America, China, Japan and Australia off the coast. All up, there are estimated to be approximately 405 dead zones globally.
If the previously largest Black Sea dead zone in the world, almost disappeared 1991-2001 showed that dead zones were reversible. Fertilizer were too expensive to use, after the Collapse of the Soviet Union and the death of the planned economies in Eastern and Central Europe. Fishing has become a very important industry in the region has become.
While the Black Sea 'Cleanup' was completely random and included a control in hard to reduce use of fertilizers, the United Nations for other cleanups called by the reduction of industrial emissions large.
The North Sea dead zone had a nitrogen reduction of 37%, from 1985 to 2000, when the political efforts by states on the edge of the Rhine sewage and industrial emissions of nitrogen is lowered into the water. More cleanups have space taken along the Hudson River and San Francisco Bay.
The chemical aluminum sulfate can be used to reduce the level of phosphates in the water.
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